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Use All lowercase
In SharePoint, whether content authors used upper, lower or even mixed case rarely mattered. Microsoft would read them the same. For example, Microsoft would read PlayingPuppies.pdf, PLAYINGPUPPIES.PDF and playingpuppies.pdf all as the same file. Try it yourself. Open up a File Explorer window and try to copy a file with the same name except for capitalization into that same folder. A prompt should appear indicating there is already a file in that location with the same name.
Trying this same experiment in AEM, no warning appears. If an AEM folder contains a file named Executive-Order-2022-10-Spanish-Example.pdf where the first letter of each word is capitalized, and a user drops an identical file in the same folder but names it executive-order-2022-10-spanish-example, using all lowercase, Adobe will see it as two different files. The two files are now located in the same folder even though they are named the same except for case.
However, uploading a file into a folder which already contains an identically named file, including case, would produce a Name Conflict prompt for the user to choose whether to create a version, replace the existing version or keep both files. If "Keep Both" is selected, AEM will add a sequential number in parentheses at the end of the file name. In this example the new file name would be executive-order-2022-10-spanish-example(1).pdf.
The two AEM examples just used show the importance of consistency in naming a file, especially when working with the team in web content management. If one team member uploads a document for another team member to create a link on the page, the document must be named properly for a user to access via the Web.
Continuing with our example, if you try to link to a document named Executive-Order-2022-10-Spanish-Example.pdf (title case), but the only document in that folder is named executive-order-2022-10-spanish-example.pdf (lowercase) a user will not be able to access the document. To AEM, the first file does not exist. So, to keep it consistent across agencies, DoIT and Adobe instruct everyone to keep all files lowercase.
AEM assists with this convention, particularly when naming a page or folder. When a page or folder is created, both the Title field and the Name field are displayed. However, only the title field needs to be filled. AEM will transfer the title to the Name field, convert all uppercase characters to lowercase and replace all spaces with hyphens.